Hormones

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a unique and often misunderstood condition that affects a significant number of women. It is a severe form of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), characterized by intense emotional and physical symptoms that occur in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle.

Defining PMDD:

PMDD is a complex and chronic condition that affects approximately 3-8% of women during their reproductive years. The condition is characterized by a cluster of emotional and physical symptoms that occur in the week or two before menstruation and subside shortly after the onset of menses. These symptoms significantly impact a woman's daily life, relationships, and overall well-being.

Diagnosing PMDD:

Diagnosing PMDD involves a comprehensive assessment of the patient's symptoms and their cyclical pattern. While there is no specific test for PMDD, healthcare providers rely on established diagnostic criteria, such as those outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). To…

Testosterone is a hormone produced primarily in the testes of males and in smaller amounts in the ovaries of females. It plays an important role in the development of male sex organs, muscle and bone mass, and the growth of body hair. However, testosterone also affects mood and behavior in both men and women.

When testosterone levels are too high or too low, it can cause changes in mood and behavior. For example, men with low testosterone levels may experience symptoms such as depression, irritability, and fatigue. Similarly, men with high testosterone levels may experience symptoms such as aggression, mood swings, and irritability.

Testosterone levels can also fluctuate naturally throughout the day and in response to stress or other environmental factors. This can lead to changes in mood and behavior even in people with normal testosterone levels.

Testosterone is typically thought of as a male hormone, but it is also…

Cortisol is a hormone that is produced by the adrenal glands in response to stress. It is often referred to as the "stress hormone" because it plays a role in the body's response to stressful situations. While cortisol is essential for many bodily functions, including regulating blood sugar levels and suppressing inflammation, chronically high levels of cortisol can have negative effects on mood and mental health.

Low Cortisol Symptoms:

- Fatigue/ Burnout

- Low mood/ Low motivation

- Low libido

- Dizziness

The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped organ located in the neck that produces hormones that regulate many important bodily functions, including metabolism, body temperature, and energy levels. When the thyroid gland produces too little or too much of these hormones, it can lead to a variety of health problems, including mood disorders.

Thyroid disorders can affect mood in several ways. For example, an under-active thyroid (hypothyroidism) can cause symptoms such as fatigue, lethargy, and depression. This is because the thyroid hormones play an important role in regulating metabolism, and when they are not produced in sufficient quantities, it can lead to a decrease in energy levels and feelings of sadness or hopelessness.

Conversely, an overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism) can cause symptoms such as anxiety, nervousness, and irritability. This is because the excess thyroid hormones can stimulate the nervous system, leading to feelings of restlessness and nervousness.

In addition to these direct…